Contents

第一篇　发展历程
第一章　 中国科技企业孵化器探索发展
第一节　改革开放催生科技创业浪潮
一、科学的春天
二、科技体制改革开启
三、科技创业萌芽
四、火炬计划擎起中国高科技产业化的大旗
第二节　中国第一家科技企业孵化器的诞生
一、民办企业的困境
二、时代发展的选择
三、“敢吃螃蟹”的先锋
第三节　在不断探索总结中稳定发展
一、原国家科委全力推动
二、制定“服务为主、开发为辅”方针
三、形成事业单位企业化管理的机制
四、总结出“有窝孵化”宝贵经验
五、由武汉逐步向其他核心城市延伸
六、高新区成为孵化器发展的主要依托
七、取得了初步孵化成效
第四节　探索设立多种类型的孵化器
一、专业技术孵化器崭露头角
二、国有企业孵化器探索起步
三、留学人员创业园应运而生
四、国家大学科技园开始起步
五、国际企业孵化器扬起风帆

第二章　 中国科技企业孵化器蓬勃发展
第一节　孵化器规模跃居世界前列
一、孵化器数量和场地面积迅速增加
二、在孵企业数量和总收入快速增长
三、创造大量就业岗位并向社会输送大量高成长企业
四、孵化器从业人员和孵化器收入日益增多
第二节　孵化器发展环境日益改善
一、市场化改革推动中小企业发展
二、国家创新战略带来孵化器发展机遇
第三节　孵化器行业管理实现体系化
一、国家行业管理渐趋成熟
二、各地加大管理服务力度
三、创新基金助力创业孵化
第四节　多形态孵化器百花齐放
一、孵化器投资主体多元化
二、多模式孵化器渐趋成熟
三、开始新一轮国际化探索
四、创新型孵化器开始萌芽
第五节　行业组织发挥积极作用
一、各地建立孵化器行业协会
二、创业中心专业委员会持续发力
三、参与发起亚洲孵化器协会

第三章　 中国科技企业孵化器迅猛发展
第一节　“双创”时代来临
一、实施创新驱动发展战略
二、全社会创业活力迸发
三、孵化器为“双创”兴起创造基础条件
四、“大众创业、万众创新”启航
第二节　众创空间发展精彩纷呈
一、如火如荼
二、特色鲜明
三、作用凸显
第三节　孵化器大国基础坚实
一、规模跃居世界前列
二、孵化服务体系健全
三、运营绩效大幅提升
第二篇　卓越贡献

第四章　 激发创新创业文化
第一节　承载创业精神30年的时代变迁
一、撑起科技人员创业的保护伞
二、为归国创业者提供了超时代的环境支撑
三、孕育形成影响全社会的创新创业文化思潮
第二节　成功创业的榜样力量
一、成功创业引领潮流
二、培育企业家精神
第三节　推动创业文化的社会辐射
一、创新创业大赛吹响大众创业的号角
二、创业导师行动促进创新创业精神传承
三、海创周召唤海外学子归国创业
四、创业中国引领“双创”潮流
第四节　孵化器文化与“成人达己”的精神内核
一、高擎创新创业火炬
二、彰显成人达己情怀

第五章　 体制改革的重要载体
第一节　科技体制改革和创新体系建设的贡献者
一、孵化器成为技术创新的推动者
二、推动形成以企业为主体的产学研合作范式
三、孵化器成为科技成果转化的重要途径
四、促进军民科技深度融合
五、加速国内外创新资源的有效流动和集聚
第二节　政府管理体制改革的亲历者
一、为创业者提供高质量公共服务
二、吸引社会力量参与孵化器建设
三、成为简政放权的重要窗口
第三节　市场经济体制改革的参与者
一、保护和培育民营科技企业
二、降低科技创业的边际成本
三、打造区域创新创业生态

第六章　 经济发展的助推器
第一节　以创业带动就业
一、促进高水平的创业就业
二、孵化高成长性源头企业
三、孵化器飞出“金凤凰”
第二节　培育经济增长新动能
一、在孵企业高度聚焦高新技术产业
二、毕业企业带动新兴产业发展
三、专业孵化器孕育产业源头
四、创新机制推动产业转型升级
第三节　推动区域经济发展
一、孵化器衍生创业社区
二、孵化器集群筑就产业高地
三、县域孵化器助力地方经济
四、孵化器带动专业镇发展
第三篇　中国经验

第七章　 孵化器发展的中国道路
第一节　孵化器的发展是中国改革开放的缩影
一、“解放思想”，助力科技创业发展
二、“深化改革开放”，推动科技企业和孵化器快速发展
三、“全面深化改革”，科技创业孵化发展迅猛
第二节　孵化器与高新技术产业紧密结合
一、孵化器专注于高新技术产业
二、孵化器和高新区共生互动
三、孵化器成为高新区的有力支撑
第三节　由科教资源丰富的中心城市引领孵化器发展
一、由中心城市向周边地区辐射
二、从沿海城市、中心城市向中西部城市扩散
三、地市县乡孵化器不断提升
第四节　从单一色调到异彩纷呈
一、投资主体从单一到多元
二、孵化对象不断拓展
三、孵化服务内涵逐步深化
第五节 　全链条服务构建创业生态
一、全链条孵化体系的“中国创造”
二、全链条服务的特色
三、全链条孵化服务由点及面

第八章　 孵化器的中国式治理
第一节　定战略：加强规划和顶层设计
一、立法保障
二、规划布局
第二节　出政策：制定和完善政策扶持
一、财政资助
二、税收激励
三、基础设施建设
四、科技金融与风险投资
第三节　抓服务：设立孵化器专业管理机构
一、孵化器是火炬计划的重要组成部分
二、实现对孵化器行业发展的精准指导
第四节　建体系：发挥行业组织的辐射带动作用
一、发挥创业中心专业委员会作用
二、行业协会积极承接政府相关职能
三、建立网格化的孵化服务体系
四、依托协会为孵化器提供服务
第五节　撬市场：发挥市场配置资源作用
一、不断优化孵化行业“准入条件”
二、树立典范吸引社会力量加入
三、创新模式让孵化事业“有利可图”

第九章　 专业敬业的中国孵化器人
第一节　坚韧坚守，勇于创新的孵化器管理人
一、敢为人先，砥砺前行
二、初心不改，擎起创业孵化大旗
第二节　顺应“双创”大势，锐意进取的众创空间创办者
一、将“双创”作为人生新目标
二、为创业者而创业
第三节　甘于奉献，孵化器行业资源的整合者
一、孵化器行业组织的领军人
二、孵化器事业的推动者
第四节　孵化器行业的“白求恩”
第四篇　锦绣前程

第十章　 创业孵化事业迎来新的历史机遇
第一节　前所未有的创新创业浪潮
一、全球科技创新呈现新趋势
二、科技创业导向由技术供给转向市场需求
三、科技创业主体逐渐变化
四、创业活动呈现开放协同特征
第二节　全面建设小康社会提出新需求
一、经济发展模式转变
二、产业转型升级
三、新型城镇化建设
四、实施三大战略
第三节　创新创业成为国际竞争新焦点
一、“创业美国”力求重振竞争力
二、欧洲大力加强创业扶持
三、其他国家和地区的举措值得借鉴

第十一章　 由创业孵化大国走向强国
第一节　孵化器发展趋势向好
一、政府、市场、社会协同推进
二、创业孵化行业形态更加多样
三、全球配置创业孵化资源
四、行业整合趋于深化
五、创业孵化重在构建生态系统
第二节　孵化器行业发展仍需努力
一、运营模式和绩效有待提升
二、体制机制创新需要深化
三、公共管理与支撑环境需要优化
第三节　战略明晰推动全面发展
一、推动孵化器发展的原则和目标
二、在九个方面重点推进
三、为孵化器的发展提供保障

参考文献
大事记
全国孵化器地图（2016年）
全国众创空间地图（2016年）
科技企业孵化器毕业企业上市名单（部分）
后 记

Contents
Part I　Development History
Chapter 1　Exploratory Development of Technology Incubators in China
Section 1 Reform and Opening-up Gives Rise to a Wave of Tech Entrepreneurship
1. The Spring of Science
2. The Start of Science and Technology System Reform
3. The Birth of Tech Entrepreneurship
4. The Torch Program Raises the Banner of Hi-Tech Industrialization in China
Section 2 Birth of China’s First Technology Incubator
1. The Predicament of Private Enterprises
2. The Choice of the Times
3. The Trailblazing Pioneers
Section 3 Stable Development Amidst Continuous Exploration
1. Full Push by the Former State Commission on Science and Technology
2. Formulating a Policy of “Service as the Main Function & Development as an Auxiliary Role”
3. Forming a Mechanism of Corporate-Like Management for Public Institutions
4. Summing up the Precious Experience of “Den-Based Incubation”
5. Gradual Extension from Wuhan to Other Core Cities
6. High and New Technological Zones Became the Main Support for Incubator Development
7. Achieving Preliminary Incubation Results
Section 4 Exploration to Establish Diversified Incubators
1. Targeted Tech Incubators Emerged
2. State-Owned Business Incubators Made an Exploratory Start
3. Start-up Parks for Returned Overseas Scholars Came into Being
4. College Science Parks Started to Took off
5. International Business Incubators Set sail

Chapter 2　The Flourishing of Technology Incubators in China
Section 1 China Took International Lead in Terms of Incubation Scale
1. Incubator Numbers and Space Increased Rapidly
2. Start-up Numbers and Total Revenue Grew Fast
3. Lots of Job Opportunities and Growth Companies were Created
4. Incubation Professionals and Incubator Revenues Grew Rapidly
Section 2 The Ever-Improving Incubation Environment
1. Market-Oriented Reform Pushed Forward the Development of SMEs
2. National Innovation Strategy Brought New Opportunities for Incubator Development
Section 3 Incubator Industry Management Went Systematic
1. State Industry Management Matured
2. Localities Stepped up Management Service
3. Innovation Funds Aided Start-up Incubation
Section 4 Diversified Incubators Bloomed
1. Incubator Investors Diversified
2. Multi-Mode Incubators Gradually Matured
3. A New Round of Internationalization Exploration Started
4. Innovative Incubators Emerged
Section 5 Industry Organizations Played an Active Role
1. Local Business Incubation Associations Were Established
2. Specialty Committees of Entrepreneurship Centers Continued to Leverage Their Strength
3. China Took Part in Launching the Asian Association of Business Incubation

Chapter 3　The Rapid Development of Technology Incubators in China
Section 1 The Advent of the Innovation & Entrepreneurship Era
1. Implementing an Innovation-Driven Development Strategy
2. Entrepreneurship in Whole Society Sprang to Life
3. Incubators Created Infrastructure for Innovation & Entrepreneurship
4. “Mass Innovation & Entrepreneurship” Set Sail
Section 2 The Splendid Development of Makerspaces
1. Flourishing
2. Distinct Features
3. Prominent Roles
Section 3 A Solid Foundation for a Powerful Incubator Country
1. Largest Incubation Scale in the World
2. A Sound Incubation Service System
3. Greatly Improved Operational Achievements
Part II Extraordinary Contributions

Chapter 4　Inspiring a Culture of Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Section 1 Thirty Years of Changes in the Entrepreneurial Spirit
1. Raising the Protective Umbrella for Tech Personnel to Go for Entrepreneurship
2. Providing Forward-Looking Infrastructure Support for Entrepreneurs Returning from Overseas
3. Nurturing and Forming a Cultural Wave of Innovation and Entrepreneurship That Affects the Whole Society
Section 2 The Power of Models of Successful Start-ups
1. Successful Start-ups Led the Trend
2. Nurturing the Entrepreneurial Spirit
Section 3 Pushing the Public Spread of the Entrepreneurship Culture
1. Innovation & Entrepreneurship Contests Sounded the Horn of Mass Entrepreneurship
2. Entrepreneurship Coaching Action Promoted the Spirit of Innovation and Entrepreneurship
3. Overseas Entrepreneurship Week Called for Overseas Students to Come Home for Entrepreneurship
4. Entrepreneurship China Led the Wave of Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Section 4 The Spirit Kernels of the Incubation Culture & Self-Fulfillment Through Helping Others to Succeed
1. Raising High the Innovation & Entrepreneurship Torch
2. Carrying Forward the Sentiment of Self-Fulfillment Through Helping Others to Succeed

Chapter 5　An Important Carrier of System Reform
Section 1 Contributors to Science & Technology System Reform and Innovation System Building
1. Incubators Became a Promoter of Technology Innovation
2. Pushing Forward the Formation of an Enterprise-Led Paradigm of Cooperation Between Industry, Academia and Research Institutions
3. Incubators Became an Important Way of Industrializing Research Results
4. Promoting the In-Depth Integration of Military and Civilian Science and Technology
5. Speeding up the Effective Flow & Aggregation of Domestic and Foreign Innovation Resources
Section 2 Witness of Government Administrative System Reform
1. Providing Entrepreneurs with High-Quality Public Services
2. Attracting Public Forces to Take Part in Incubator Construction
3. Becoming an Important Window to Power Delegation & Streamlining
Section 3 Participant in Market Economic System Reform
1. Protecting & Nurturing Private Tech Enterprises
2. Reducing the Marginal Cost of Tech Entrepreneurship
3. Building a Regional Innovation & Entrepreneurship Ecosystem

Chapter 6　Booster of Economic Development
Section 1 Driving Employment Through Entrepreneurship
1. Promoting High-Level Entrepreneurship & Employment
2. Incubating High-Growth Source Enterprises
3. “Golden Phoenixes” Flying out of Incubators
Section 2 Nurturing New Momentum of Economic Growth
1. Enterprises in Incubation Become Hubs of High and New Tech Industries
2. Graduating Enterprises Promote the Development of Emerging Industries
3. Professional Incubators Brew the Source of Industries
4. Innovation Mechanisms Push forward Industry Transformation & Upgrading
Section 3 Promoting Regional Economic Development
1. Incubators Give Rise to Start-up Communities
2. Incubator Clusters Create Industrial High Ground
3. County Incubators Boost Local Economies
4. Incubators Drive the Development of Specialized Townships
Part III Chinese Experience

Chapter 7　The China Path of Incubator Development
Section 1 The Development of Incubators Is the Epitome of China’s Reform and Opening-up
1. “Emancipating our Mind” Helps the Development of Tech Start-ups
2. “Deepening Reform and Opening-up” Promotes the Fast Development of Tech Enterprises and Incubators
3. “Comprehensively Deepening Reform” Leads to the Rapid Development of Tech Business Incubators
Section 2 Close Integration Between Incubators and High & New Technology Industries
1. Incubators Focus on High & New Technology Industries
2. Coexistence and Interaction Between Incubators and High & New Technology Industries
3. Incubators Become a Powerful Support for High and New Technological Development Zones
Section 3 Central Cities With Rich Science, Technology and Educational Resources Lead the Development of Incubators
1. Radiation from Central Cities to Surrounding Areas
2. Diffusion from Coastal and Central Cities to Central and Western Cities
3. Continuous Improvement of Township, County, City and Prefecture Incubators
Section 4 From Monolithic to Diversified Development
1. Investing Entities Diversify
2. Incubatees Continue to Expand
3. Incubation Services Gradually Deepen
Section 5 Entrepreneurship Ecosystem Building Across the Entire Service Chain
1. “Made in China” Across the Entire Incubation System Chain
2. Features of the Service Chain
3. Industry Chain-Wide Incubation Services Spread From Points to Wide Areas

Chapter 8　Chinese-Style Governance of Incubators
Section 1 Strategy Setting: Strengthen Planning and Top-Level Design
1. Legislation Support
2. Planning & Layout
Section 2 Policy making: Formulate and Improve Policy Support
1. Financial Sponsorship
2. Tax Incentives
3. Infrastructure Construction
4. Tech Finance & Venture Investment
Section 3 Service Provision: Set up Specialized Incubator Management Agencies
1. Incubators Are an Important Part of the Torch Program
2. Providing Precision Guidance to the Development of the Incubation Industry
Section 4 System Building: Leverage the Radiative and Leading Role of Industry Organizations
1. Giving Play to the Role of Specialty Committee of Entrepreneurship Centers
2. Industry Associations Actively Perform Relevant Government Functions
3. Establishing a Gird Incubation Service System
4. Providing Incubators With Services Through Industry Associations
Section 5 Market Prying: Leverage the Role of Market in Resources Allocation
1. Continuously Optimizing “Access” Requirements of the Incubation Industry
2. Creating Models to Attract the Participation of Social Forces
3. Innovation Models Make Incubation “Profitable”

Chapter 9　Professional and Dedicated Chinese Incubator Workers
Section 1 Persevere and Innovative Incubator Managers
1. Bold and Always Forging Ahead
2. Adhering to the Initial Purpose and Raising High the Banner of Start-up Incubation
Section 2 Pioneering Makerspace Founders Who Adapt to the General Trend of Innovation and Entrepreneurship
1. Making Innovation and Entrepreneurship as New Personal Career Goals
2. Going for Entrepreneurship for Entrepreneurs
Section 3 Dedicated Incubation Industry Resources Integrators
1. Leaders of Organization in the Incubation Industry
2. Promoters of the Incubation Industry
Section 4 Lalkaka: A Dedicator to the Incubation Industry
Part IV Bright Future

Chapter 10　The Start-up Incubation Cause Greets New Historical Opportunities
Section 1 An Unprecedented Wave of Innovation and Entrepreneurship
1. Global Tech Start-ups Show New Trends
2. Tech Start-up Orientation Turns from Tech Supply to Market Demand
3. Tech Start-up Entities Undergo Gradual Change
4. Start-up Activities Show Signs of Openness and Synergy
Section 2 Building A Well-Off Society in an All-Round Way Puts Forward New Demand
1. Economic Growth Mode Change
2. Industry Transformation & Upgrade
3. New Urbanization
4. Implementing Three Major Strategies
Section 3 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Becomes a New Focus of International Competition
1. Entrepreneurship USA Aims to Revamp US Competitiveness
2. Europe Steps up Support for Start-ups
3. Measures Adopted by Other Countries and Regions Are a Valuable Reference

Chapter 11　From a Power of Start-up Incubation to a Strong Country
Section 1 Promising Incubator Development Trends
1. Synergic Promotion by Government, Market and Society
2. More Diversified Start-up Incubation Formats
3. Global Allocation of Start-up Incubation Resources
4. Deepening Industry Integration
5. Start-up Incubation Focused on Ecosystem Building
Section 2 The Incubation Industry Still Needs Improvement
1. Operational Models and Performance Need Improvement
2. Institutional Mechanism Innovation Requires Deepening
3. Public Management and Supporting Environment Needs to Be Optimized
Section 3 Clear Strategies Push Forward Comprehensive Development
1. Principles & Goals of Efforts to Promote Incubator Development
2. Key Promotion of Nine Aspects
3. Providing Support for the Development of Incubators

References
A Chronicle of Events
National Incubator Map (2016)
National Makerspaces Map (2016)
List of Enterprises Graduating from Technology Incubators
Postscript